مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Modals of Deduction: must, might, can't
Introduction
Modals of deduction are used to make guesses or deductions about situations. We use them when we are not 100% sure about something but have some evidence. The three main modals of deduction are: must (certain), might/may (possible), and can't (impossible).
1. Must (Certain/Almost Sure)
We use "must" when we are very sure something is true based on evidence. Example: "He has been studying all day. He must be tired." Form: must + base verb (present) / must + have + past participle (past).
2. Might / May / Could (Possible)
We use "might/may/could" when we think something is possible but are not sure. Example: "She is not at home. She might be at work." Might suggests less certainty than may.
3. Can't / Couldn't (Impossible)
We use "can't/couldn't" when we are sure something is impossible. Example: "He can't be at school. It's midnight." Form: can't + base verb (present) / can't + have + past participle (past).
Exercises
Complete: "She passed the exam easily. She _____ (must) be very intelligent." "He is late. He _____ (might) have missed the bus." "They _____ (can't) be at home. I saw them leave."
Summary
Must = certain, might = possible, can't = impossible. For more: Modal Auxiliaries – 1st Year – Conditional Sentences – 2nd Year
