English – Conjunctions: Coordinating and Subordinating – BAC Literary Stream

English – Conjunctions: Coordinating and Subordinating – BAC Literary Stream

Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses. In English, there are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, and correlative. Mastering them will improve your writing fluency for the BAC exam.

1. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS):

These join equal grammatical elements (words, phrases, or independent clauses).

• For: explains reason (similar to because) – “He is happy, for he passed the exam.”
• And: adds information – “I like reading and writing.”
• Nor: adds a negative idea – “He doesn’t smoke, nor does he drink.”
• But: shows contrast – “She is tired but happy.”
• Or: presents an alternative – “You can have tea or coffee.”
• Yet: shows contrast (similar to but) – “It’s cold, yet she went swimming.”
• So: shows result/consequence – “I was tired, so I went to bed early.”

2. Subordinating Conjunctions:

These join a dependent clause to an independent clause. Common subordinating conjunctions include:

• Time: when, while, after, before, until, since, as soon as
• Cause/Reason: because, since, as, now that
• Condition: if, unless, provided that, as long as
• Contrast/Concession: although, though, even though, while, whereas
• Purpose: so that, in order that
• Manner: as, as if, as though
• Place: where, wherever

3. Correlative Conjunctions:

These are pairs of conjunctions that work together:

• both…and: “Both Ahmed and Karim are students.”
• either…or: “You can either study or play.”
• neither…nor: “Neither Fatima nor Leila was late.”
• not only…but also: “She not only sings but also dances.”
• whether…or: “I don’t know whether to go or stay.”

BAC Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions:
1. I wanted to go out, ___ it started raining. (but/so/and)
2. ___ you study hard, you will pass the exam. (If/Unless/Although)
3. She is ___ intelligent ___ hardworking. (both…and / either…or / neither…nor)
4. He stayed at home ___ he was feeling ill. (because/although/while)
5. ___ the teacher arrived, the students were making noise. (When/Until/Before)

Answers: 1. but, 2. If, 3. both…and, 4. because, 5. When

Similar Lessons

• English – Linking Words: Addition, Contrast, Cause, Result, Sequence
• English – Conditional Sentences: Type 1, 2, 3

📍 دروس مشابهة

• English – Expressing Cause and Result: So, Such, Too, Enough – BAC
• English – Prepositions of Time, Place, and Movement – BAC
• English Grammar and Writing — Causative Verbs: Have, Get, Let, Make — BAC Practice Part 14 — 3rd Year Secondary — Literary Stream