اللغة الإنجليزية — Grammar: Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions — 2 ثانوي — شعبة آداب — بكالوريا — المنهاج الجزائري

Grammar: Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions

1. Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance. The most common are: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.

• I like coffee and tea. (connects words)
• She is smart but lazy. (connects adjectives)
• Do you want tea or coffee? (connects choices)
• He was tired, so he went to bed. (connects clauses)

2. Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause with a dependent clause. Common ones include:

• Because: I stayed home because I was sick.
• Although/Even though: Although it was raining, we went out.
• While/When: While I was studying, he called.
• If: If you study, you will pass.
• Since: Since you’re here, let’s start.
• Unless: Unless you hurry, you’ll miss the bus.

Exercises

1. Choose the correct conjunction: I was tired, (so/because) I went to bed.
2. Join: She studied hard. She failed the exam. (although) → ______.

See Conditional Sentences and Modal Verbs.