مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Reported Speech (الكلام المنقول)
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the difference between direct and reported speech
- Learn the rules of tense changes in reported speech
- Master the use of reporting verbs and time/place changes
I – What is Reported Speech?
Direct Speech (الكلام المباشر): نقل كلام المتكلم كما هو بين علامتي اقتباس.
Example: He said, “I am happy.”
Reported Speech (الكلام المنقول/غير المباشر): نقل معنى الكلام دون استخدام علامات الاقتباس.
Example: He said that he was happy.
II – Tense Changes (تغير الازمنة):
اذا كان فعل القول في الماضي (said, told, asked)، فان الازمنة تتغير كما يلي:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple (I eat) | Past Simple (he ate) |
| Present Continuous (I am eating) | Past Continuous (he was eating) |
| Present Perfect (I have eaten) | Past Perfect (he had eaten) |
| Past Simple (I ate) | Past Perfect (he had eaten) |
| Will (I will eat) | Would (he would eat) |
| Can (I can eat) | Could (he could eat) |
| Must (I must go) | Had to (he had to go) |
III – Time and Place Changes (تغير ظرفي الزمان والمكان):
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| now | then / at that moment |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| here | there |
| this | that |
| ago | before / earlier |
IV – Types of Sentences in Reported Speech:
1. Statements (الجمل الخبرية): Use “that” (يمكن حذفه).
Direct: He said, “I live in Algiers.”
Reported: He said (that) he lived in Algiers.
2. Questions (الاسئلة):
– Wh-questions: نعيد نفس اداة الاستفهام.
Direct: She asked, “Where do you live?”
Reported: She asked where I lived.
– Yes/No questions: نستخدم “if” او “whether”.
Direct: He asked, “Do you like coffee?”
Reported: He asked if I liked coffee.
3. Commands/Requests (الاوامر والطلبات): نستخدم “to + infinitive”.
Direct: “Please sit down.”
Reported: He asked me to sit down.
Bac Exam Exercise (تمرين بكالوريا محلول):
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech:
1. He said, “I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.”
Answer: He said that he would visit his grandmother the next day.
2. She asked me, “Have you ever been to London?”
Answer: She asked me if I had ever been to London.
3. “Don’t be late,” the teacher told us.
Answer: The teacher told us not to be late.
Similar Lessons:
Past Simple Tense | Conditional Sentences Types 1 2 3
