مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
? Can and Can’t for Ability — English — 2nd Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum
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Subject: English (Grammar) | Level: 2nd Year Middle School (2AM) | Duration: 1 session
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? Learning Objectives
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- ✅ Use “can” to express ability (what someone is able to do)
- ✅ Use “can’t / cannot” to express inability
- ✅ Form questions with “can” (Can you…?)
- ✅ Answer questions about ability using short answers (Yes, I can / No, I can’t)
- ✅ Talk about personal skills and abilities
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? Introduction — Expressing Ability
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We use the modal verb “can” to talk about abilities — things we know how to do. We use “can’t” (or “cannot”) to talk about things we are not able to do.
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بالعربية: نستخدم الفعل “can” للتعبير عن القدرة — الأشياء التي نعرف كيف نفعلها. ونستخدم “can’t” أو “cannot” للتعبير عن عدم القدرة.
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أمثلة تمهيدية:
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- I can swim. ? → أستطيع السباحة (أعرف كيف أسبح)
- She can’t play the piano. ? → لا تستطيع العزف على البيانو
- Can you speak English? ?️ → هل تستطيع التحدث بالإنجليزية؟
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⚠️ Important: Can does NOT change form
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الفعل “can” لا يتغير مع الفاعل — نفس الشكل مع جميع الضمائر:
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✅ I can / You can / He can / She can / It can / We can / They can
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❌ He cans swim → خطأ! لا نضيف -s مع he/she/it
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? 1. Formation — التركيب
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| Form | Structure | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative (مثبت) | Subject + can + base verb | I can swim. ? She can dance. ? They can play football. ⚽ |
| Negative (منفي) | Subject + can’t / cannot + base verb | I can’t speak Chinese. ? He can’t cook. ? We cannot fly. ?️ |
| Question (استفهام) | Can + subject + base verb? | Can you swim? ? Can she sing? ? |
| Short Answers | Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. | Can he play guitar? Yes, he can. ? / No, he can’t. |
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? 2. Examples in Context — أمثلة في السياق
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A. Talking about skills — التحدث عن المهارات
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? Ahmed: I can play football, but I can’t swim very well.
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? Fatima: I can swim and I can ride a bike, but I can’t play chess.
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?? Teacher: Can you speak English?
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? Ahmed: Yes, I can speak English, but I can’t speak French very well.
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B. Talking about abilities in different areas
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| Sport ⚽ | Music ? | School ? | Home ? |
|---|---|---|---|
| I can play tennis. I can run fast. I can’t ski. |
She can play piano. He can sing well. They can’t play guitar. |
I can read Arabic. I can solve problems. I can’t understand physics. |
I can cook eggs. I can clean my room. I can’t fix a car. |
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✍️ 3. Exercises — تمارين تطبيقية
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Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with “can” or “can’t”.
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- A fish ______ swim. ?
- A bird ______ fly. ?
- A baby ______ talk. ?
- A cat ______ climb trees. ?
- A fish ______ walk. ?
- A dog ______ read. ?
- I ______ speak Arabic. ?️
- She ______ play the violin. ? (She took lessons for 5 years)
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Exercise 2: Write questions with “Can” and short answers. (اكتب الأسئلة والأجوبة القصيرة)
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- ______ you ______ (swim)? → Yes, I ______.
- ______ she ______ (cook)? → No, she ______.
- ______ they ______ (speak) French? → Yes, they ______.
- ______ he ______ (ride) a bike? → No, he ______.
- ______ you ______ (play) chess? → Yes, I ______.
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Exercise 3: Look at the table and write sentences about what each person can or can’t do.
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| Name | Swim ? | Play guitar ? | Cook ? | Speak English ?️ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Sara | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Omar | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
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- Ali ______ swim. He ______ play guitar.
- Sara ______ swim. She ______ play guitar.
- Ali and Sara ______ speak English.
- Omar ______ cook and he ______ speak English.
- ______ Omar swim? Yes, he ______.
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? Answer Key — الإجابات
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Exercise 1:
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- can
- can
- can’t / cannot
- can
- can’t / cannot
- can’t / cannot
- can
- can
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Exercise 2:
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- Can you swim? → Yes, I can.
- Can she cook? → No, she can’t.
- Can they speak French? → Yes, they can.
- Can he ride a bike? → No, he can’t.
- Can you play chess? → Yes, I can.
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Exercise 3:
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- Ali can swim. He can’t play guitar.
- Sara can’t swim. She can play guitar.
- Ali and Sara can speak English.
- Omar can’t cook and he can’t speak English.
- Can Omar swim? Yes, he can.
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? Summary — ملخص سريع
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| Form | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ✅ Affirmative | can + verb (بدون تغيير) | He can swim. |
| ❌ Negative | can’t / cannot + verb | She can’t fly. |
| ❓ Question | Can + subject + verb? | Can you cook? |
| ? Short answer | Yes, … can. / No, … can’t. | Yes, I can. |
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? Remember: Can never changes form (no -s in third person). Can is always followed by the base verb (without “to”).
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📍 دروس مشابهة
- School Supplies and Classroom Objects — English 2AM
- Food, Drinks and Expressing Likes and Dislikes — English 2AM
- There is and There are (House and Furniture) — English 2AM