Grammar: Conjunctions (And, But, Or, So, Because) – English – 2nd Year Middle School – Algeria

Conjunctions: And, But, Or, So, Because

Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or sentences. They make your speech and writing more fluent.

AND – Addition

Connects similar ideas: “I like reading and writing.” / “He bought a book and a pen.”

BUT – Contrast

Connects opposite ideas: “She is young but very smart.” / “I want to go but I am busy.”

OR – Choice/Alternative

Presents options: “Do you want tea or coffee?” / “You can study or play.”

SO – Result/Consequence

Shows cause and effect: “I was tired, so I went to bed.” / “It was raining, so I took an umbrella.”

BECAUSE – Reason

Explains why: “I stayed home because I was sick.” / “He passed the exam because he worked hard.”

Exercises

1. Complete with and/but/or/so/because: “I like apples ___ oranges – She is rich ___ unhappy – I studied ___ I passed”.
2. Combine the sentences: “I like football. I like basketball. -> I like football and basketball.”
3. Write 5 compound sentences using different conjunctions.

See also Grammar: If Clauses (Type 0 and 1) and Writing: How to Write a Paragraph.