English — Grammar: Must vs Have to (obligation) — 2nd Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum

Must vs Have to (Obligation)

Must

Personal obligation (from the speaker): “I must study harder.” / “You must wear a seatbelt.”

Must is used for rules and laws: “Students must wear uniforms.”

Have to

External obligation (from outside): “I have to wear glasses.” (my eyes need them)

“She has to wake up early for work.”

Difference

• Must = I think it’s necessary (internal).
• Have to = Someone else thinks it’s necessary (external).

Past

Must has no past form. Use “had to”: “Yesterday, I had to work late.”

Negative

Mustn’t = prohibition (not allowed): “You mustn’t smoke here.”

Don’t have to = no obligation (optional): “You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.”

Exercise

1. You ___ (must/don’t have to) stop at red lights.
2. I ___ (must/have to) wear glasses since childhood.
3. You ___ (mustn’t/don’t have to) park here, it’s forbidden.

modal verbs and present simple.

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