مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Reported Speech (Statements and Questions)
Reported speech (also called indirect speech) is used to report what someone said without quoting their exact words. It requires careful attention to tense changes, pronoun changes, and time expression changes.
I. Definition
Direct speech: She said, “I am happy.”
Reported speech: She said (that) she was happy.
II. Tense Changes
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple → | Past Simple |
| “I work hard.” | He said he worked hard. |
| Present Continuous → | Past Continuous |
| “I am studying.” | She said she was studying. |
| Past Simple → | Past Perfect |
| “I went to Algiers.” | He said he had gone to Algiers. |
| Present Perfect → | Past Perfect |
| “I have finished.” | She said she had finished. |
| Will → | Would |
| “I will help.” | He said he would help. |
| Can → | Could |
| “I can swim.” | She said she could swim. |
III. Reported Questions
Wh- questions: Keep the question word and change to statement word order.
Direct: “Where do you live?” → Reported: He asked me where I lived.
Yes/No questions: Use “if” or “whether”.
Direct: “Are you tired?” → Reported: She asked if I was tired.
IV. Other Changes
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| Now | Then |
| Today | That day |
| Yesterday | The day before |
| Tomorrow | The next day / The following day |
| Here | There |
| This | That |
Exercises
1. Change to reported speech: “I will visit my grandmother tomorrow,” Ahmed said.
2. Change to reported question: “Have you ever been to London?” she asked.
See also: Past Perfect vs Present Perfect and Future Tenses.