Passive Voice (Simple Tenses) — English — 4th Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum

The Passive Voice is used when we want to focus on the action itself or the person/thing receiving the action, rather than who performed it. In this lesson, we will learn how to form the passive voice in simple tenses. This lesson is designed for fourth-year middle school students following the Algerian curriculum.

الأهداف التعليمية

• فهم متى نستخدم المبني للمجهول (Passive Voice)
• تكوين الجملة في Passive Voice: (To Be + Past Participle)
• تحويل الجمل من Active إلى Passive في الأزمنة البسيطة
• استخدام “by” للإشارة إلى الفاعل الأصلي
• التمييز بين Active و Passive Voice

الشرح المبسط

What is Passive Voice? (ما هو المبني للمجهول؟)

في اللغة الإنجليزية، هناك طريقتان لتقديم المعلومة:

• Active Voice (المبني للمعلوم): الفاعل يقوم بالفعل — The cat ate the fish. (القطة أكلت السمكة)
• Passive Voice (المبني للمجهول): المفعول به هو محور الجملة — The fish was eaten (by the cat). (أُكلت السمكة)

Formula (القاعدة):

Subject + To Be (في الزمن المناسب) + Past Participle (V3) + (by + agent)

Passive in Simple Tenses (الأزمنة البسيطة):

1. Present Simple Passive (المضارع البسيط — is/am/are + V3):

• Active: The teacher explains the lesson.
• Passive: The lesson is explained (by the teacher).
• Milk is used to make cheese. (يُستخدم الحليب لصنع الجبن)

2. Past Simple Passive (الماضي البسيط — was/were + V3):

• Active: Ahmed wrote the letter.
• Passive: The letter was written (by Ahmed).
• The pyramids were built thousands of years ago. (بُنيت الأهرامات منذ آلاف السنين)

3. Future Simple Passive (المستقبل — will be + V3):

• Active: They will finish the project tomorrow.
• Passive: The project will be finished tomorrow.
• The results will be announced next week. (سيتم الإعلان عن النتائج الأسبوع القادم)

📌 متى نستخدم Passive Voice؟

• عندما لا نعرف الفاعل: My bike was stolen. (سُرقت دراجتي)
• عندما يكون الفاعل غير مهم: The road is repaired. (الطريق يُصلَح)
• في الكتابات الرسمية والعلمية: Experiments are conducted. (تُجرى التجارب)

أمثلة محلولة

Example 1: Change from Active to Passive (Present Simple).

1. Active: The chef cooks the meal. → The meal is cooked (by the chef).
2. Active: People speak English all over the world. → English is spoken all over the world.
3. Active: The students clean the classroom. → The classroom is cleaned (by the students).

Example 2: Change from Active to Passive (Past Simple).

1. Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. → Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
2. Active: My grandmother made this cake. → This cake was made by my grandmother.
3. Active: They built this school in 2010. → This school was built in 2010.

Example 3: Change from Active to Passive (Future Simple).

1. Active: The company will launch a new product. → A new product will be launched (by the company).
2. Active: They will hold the meeting next Monday. → The meeting will be held next Monday.

تمارين تطبيقية

1. حوّل الجمل التالية إلى Passive Voice (Present Simple):
   a. The children eat the cake.
   b. My mother waters the plants.
   c. People speak Arabic in Algeria.
2. حوّل إلى Passive Voice (Past Simple):
   a. The artist painted a beautiful picture.
   b. The storm damaged the house.
   c. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
3. اكتب Passive Voice للجمل التالية (Future Simple):
   a. The students will finish the project.
   b. They will send the invitations.
4. اختر الإجابة الصحيحة:
   a. Coffee ____ in Brazil. (grows / is grown)
   b. The window ____ yesterday. (broke / was broken)
   c. The letters ____ tomorrow. (will send / will be sent)
   d. This book ____ by a famous author. (wrote / was written)

نشاط منزلي

ابحث عن 3 منتجات في منزلك (طعام، جهاز، كتاب) واكتب عن كيفية صنعها باستخدام Passive Voice. مثلاً: “Rice is grown in many countries. It is harvested in autumn. It is cooked before eating.”

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Answer Key (الإجابات):

Exercise 1: a. The cake is eaten (by the children). b. The plants are watered (by my mother). c. Arabic is spoken in Algeria.

Exercise 2: a. A beautiful picture was painted (by the artist). b. The house was damaged (by the storm). c. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

Exercise 3: a. The project will be finished (by the students). b. The invitations will be sent.

Exercise 4: a. is grown, b. was broken, c. will be sent, d. was written

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📍 دروس مشابهة

• The Simple Past Tense — English 4th Year Middle School
• Future Tense (Will and Going to) — English 4th Year Middle School
• Wh-Questions (Question Words) — English — 4th Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum