مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun. They begin with relative pronouns: who, whom, which, that, whose, where, when.
1. Relative Pronouns
Who: for people (subject). “The woman who lives next door is a doctor.” Whom: for people (object, formal). “The man whom I met was kind.” Which: for animals and things. “The book which I bought is interesting.” That: for people, animals, or things (informal). “The cat that is sleeping is mine.” Whose: for possession. “The student whose phone rang was embarrassed.” Where: for places. “The city where I was born.” When: for times. “The year when I graduated.”
2. Defining vs Non-defining Relative Clauses
Defining (restrictive): essential information, no commas. “The students who study hard will pass.” Without this clause, the meaning changes. Non-defining (non-restrictive): extra information, with commas. “My brother, who lives in London, is an engineer.” Without it, the sentence still makes sense.
3. Relative Clauses with Prepositions
Formal: “The person to whom you spoke is my boss.” Informal: “The person you spoke to is my boss.” “The house in which I lived” → “The house I lived in.”
4. Omitting the Relative Pronoun
We can omit who, which, that when they are the object of the clause. “The film (that) I watched was great.” (object). “The woman who called you is here.” (subject – cannot omit).
5. Examples
Example 1: “The teacher who taught me maths is retiring.”
Example 2: “Paris, which is the capital of France, is beautiful.”
Example 3: “The reason why I am late is traffic.”
Exercices
1. Complete with relative pronoun: “The man ___ car was stolen called the police.”
2. Add commas if needed: “My sister who lives in Paris is visiting.”
3. Join sentences: “I met a woman. She speaks five languages.”