مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Direct and Indirect Speech: Rules and Transformations
Direct speech reports the exact words someone said, while indirect speech reports what someone said without using their exact words. This is an important topic for the BAC exam.
Direct Speech
In direct speech, we use quotation marks to report the exact words: He said, “I am tired.”
Common reporting verbs: say, tell, ask, reply, answer, explain, promise, suggest.
Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
In indirect speech, we make changes to the tense, pronouns, time and place expressions.
Tense Changes
Present Simple → Past Simple: “I like coffee.” → He said he liked coffee.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous: “I am reading.” → She said she was reading.
Past Simple → Past Perfect: “I saw him.” → He said he had seen him.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect: “I have finished.” → He said he had finished.
Will → Would: “I will come.” → She said she would come.
Can → Could: “I can help.” → He said he could help.
Must → Had to: “I must go.” → She said she had to go.
Changes in Time and Place
now → then, today → that day, yesterday → the day before, tomorrow → the next day, here → there, this → that.
Questions in Reported Speech
Wh-questions: keep the question word and change the word order.
“Yes/No” questions: use “if” or “whether”.
Example: “Where do you live?” → He asked me where I lived.
“Are you happy?” → She asked me if I was happy.
Commands in Reported Speech
Use “tell/ask + to + infinitive”.
Example: “Close the door.” → He told me to close the door.
Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Change to indirect speech.
1. “I am studying English,” she said.
2. “We will visit you tomorrow,” they said.
3. “Did you finish your homework?” the teacher asked.
Check: Pronouns and Verbs and Tenses in English.
📍 دروس مشابهة:
- English — Essay Writing: Opinion and For and Against — 4th Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum
- Lesson: Reading Strategies — First Year Secondary (Literary Stream) — Bac — Algerian Curriculum
- English — Wh Questions: Who, What, Where, When, Why, How — 2nd Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum
