مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Linking Words and Transition Signals
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In this lesson, we study linking words and transition signals in English for 1st Year Secondary School (Literary Stream). Linking words help connect ideas and make your writing more coherent and organized.
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What are Linking Words?
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Linking words (also called transition words or connectors) are words or phrases that connect clauses, sentences, and paragraphs. They show relationships between ideas such as addition, contrast, cause and effect, and sequence.
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Types of Linking Words
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1. Addition
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Used to add information:
\nand, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides
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Example: He is intelligent. Moreover, he is very hardworking.
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2. Contrast
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Used to show differences or opposite ideas:
\nbut, however, although, though, whereas, on the other hand, nevertheless
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Example: She is rich, however, she is not happy.
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3. Cause and Effect
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Used to show reasons and results:
\nbecause, so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, due to
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Example: He studied hard, therefore, he passed the exam.
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4. Sequence / Time
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Used to show order or time:
\nfirst, then, next, after that, finally, meanwhile, subsequently
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Example: First, mix the ingredients. Then, add water.
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5. Illustration / Example
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Used to give examples:
\nfor example, for instance, such as, namely
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Example: Some animals, such as lions and tigers, are carnivores.
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Punctuation with Linking Words
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- When a linking word begins a sentence, follow it with a comma: However, he arrived late.
- When it joins two independent clauses, use a semicolon before it: He was tired; nevertheless, he continued working.
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Exercises
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Exercise 1: Choose the correct linking word:
\n1. He is tall ______ his brother is short. (and / whereas / so)
\n2. She studied hard; ______, she failed the test. (and / however / because)
\n3. ______ it was raining, we went out. (Because / Although / So)
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Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with appropriate linking words:
\n1. ______, I woke up. ______, I had breakfast. ______, I went to school.
\n2. He was late ______ he missed the bus.
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For more lessons, check Question Formation and The Zero and First Conditionals.
