مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Reported Speech: Statements and Questions
Reported speech (or indirect speech) is used to report what someone said without quoting them directly. When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense changes.
Tense changes
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple: “I work“ | Past Simple: He said he worked |
| Present Continuous: “I am working“ | Past Continuous: He said he was working |
| Present Perfect: “I have worked“ | Past Perfect: He said he had worked |
| Past Simple: “I worked“ | Past Perfect: He said he had worked |
| Will: “I will work“ | Would: He said he would work |
| Can: “I can work“ | Could: He said he could work |
| Must: “I must work“ | Had to: He said he had to work |
Reporting questions
- Yes/No questions: use “if” or “whether”.
Direct: “Do you like coffee?” → Reported: He asked if I liked coffee. - Wh- questions: keep the question word.
Direct: “Where do you live?” → Reported: He asked where I lived.
Time and place changes
- now → then / at that moment
- today → that day
- yesterday → the day before / the previous day
- tomorrow → the next day / the following day
- here → there
- this → that
Exercises
Exercise 1: Rewrite in reported speech:
- “I am tired,” she said.
- “We will arrive tomorrow,” they said.
- “Have you finished your homework?” the teacher asked.
Learn more: The Passive Voice and Relative Clauses.