English – Grammar: Zero and First Conditional – 2nd Year Middle School – Algeria

Grammar: Zero and First Conditional

Lesson Objectives:

• Understand the difference between zero and first conditional.
• Form conditional sentences correctly.
• Use conditionals in speaking and writing.

Zero Conditional:

The zero conditional is used to talk about general truths, facts, and habits. Structure: If + present simple, present simple. Example: If you heat ice, it melts. If it rains, the ground gets wet. This conditional expresses things that are always true.

First Conditional:

The first conditional is used to talk about possible future situations and their results. Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb. Example: If you study hard, you will pass the exam. If it rains, we will stay home. This conditional expresses real and possible future events.

Examples:

• Zero: If you mix red and blue, you get purple. If I am late, my teacher gets angry.
• First: If she calls me, I will tell her the news. If we hurry, we will catch the bus.

Exercises:

1. Complete: (If you __ (heat) water to 100C, it __ (boil).
2. Complete: (If I __ (have) money, I __ (buy) a new phone.
3. Write 2 zero conditional and 2 first conditional sentences.

Useful Links:

See also: Present Simple Tense and Future with Will.