مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
Relative Clauses – Who, Which, That
Introduction
Relative clauses add extra information about a noun in a sentence. They are introduced by relative pronouns: who (for people), which (for things), that (for people and things). Defining relative clauses give essential information, while non-defining clauses add extra information with commas.
Relative Pronouns
- Who: For people. “The student who won the prize is my friend”
- Which: For animals and things. “The book which I read was interesting”
- That: For people and things (informal). “The book that I read was interesting”
- Whose: For possession. “The girl whose bag was stolen is crying”
- Where: For places. “The school where I study is very big”
Defining vs Non-defining Relative Clauses
- Defining (essential): Necessary to identify the noun. No commas. “The man who is wearing a red shirt is my uncle”
- Non-defining (extra): Adds extra information. Needs commas. “My uncle, who is wearing a red shirt, is a doctor”
- In non-defining clauses, we cannot use “that”
Exercises
1. Join sentences using relative pronouns: “I know a girl. She speaks three languages.” 2. Complete: “The car ___ is parked outside is mine”, “The teacher ___ taught me is very kind”. 3. Write 3 sentences with defining and 3 with non-defining relative clauses. 4. When do we use “that” instead of “who” or “which”?
Summary
Relative clauses give information about nouns. Who/that for people, which/that for things, whose for possession. Defining clauses are essential; non-defining clauses add extra information and need commas.
Useful links: Prefixes and Suffixes | Argumentative Essay
