مدونة التربية و التعليم في الجزائر – دروس، فروض، نتائج امتحانات مدونة التربية والتعليم في الجزائر | تحضير الدروس، فروض واختبارات، نتائج البكالوريا وBEM، مسابقات التوظيف، والتوجيه المدرسي للطلاب وأولياء الأمور.
📋 Lesson Card
| Subject | English |
| Level | 3rd Year Secondary School (Baccalaureate) |
| Unit | Grammar and Vocabulary |
🎯 Learning Objectives
- Understand how prefixes and suffixes change the meaning and part of speech of words
- Learn common prefixes (un-, re-, dis-, mis-, over-, under-, pre-, etc.)
- Learn common suffixes to form nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
- Practice word formation through compound words
- Apply word formation skills in Bac exam exercises
📍 Introduction
Word formation is a key skill for the Bac English exam. By understanding how prefixes and suffixes work, you can guess the meaning of new words and expand your vocabulary. This is particularly useful for the reading comprehension section and for writing tasks.
📖 I. Prefixes
A prefix is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. The most common prefixes in English are:
| Prefix | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| un- | not / opposite | happy → unhappy, fair → unfair |
| dis- | not / opposite | agree → disagree, appear → disappear |
| re- | again | write → rewrite, build → rebuild |
| mis- | wrongly | understand → misunderstand, spell → misspell |
| over- | too much | load → overload, estimate → overestimate |
| under- | too little | estimate → underestimate, developed → underdeveloped |
| pre- | before | view → preview, pay → prepay |
| inter- | between | national → international, act → interact |
| il-/im-/in-/ir- | not | legal → illegal, possible → impossible, correct → incorrect, regular → irregular |
📖 II. Suffixes
A suffix is added to the end of a word and usually changes its grammatical category (part of speech).
Noun suffixes:
| Suffix | Examples |
|---|---|
| -tion / -sion | educate → education, decide → decision |
| -ment | develop → development, achieve → achievement |
| -ness | happy → happiness, kind → kindness |
| -ity | active → activity, possible → possibility |
| -ance / -ence | important → importance, different → difference |
| -er / -or | teach → teacher, act → actor |
Adjective suffixes:
| Suffix | Examples |
|---|---|
| -ful | beauty → beautiful, hope → hopeful |
| -less | care → careless, home → homeless |
| -able / -ible | comfort → comfortable, access → accessible |
| -ive | create → creative, act → active |
| -ous | danger → dangerous, fame → famous |
| -al | nature → natural, culture → cultural |
📖 III. Compounding
Compounding is joining two words to create a new word with a new meaning:
- Noun + Noun: bedroom (bed + room), football (foot + ball)
- Adjective + Noun: greenhouse (green + house), blackboard (black + board)
- Noun + Verb: sunrise (sun + rise), rainfall (rain + fall)
✏️ Bac-style Exercise
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets:
- The ________ (develop) of technology has changed our lives.
- It is ________ (legal) to drive without a licence.
- She showed great ________ (creative) in her project.
- The situation was ________ (hope); they had to find a solution.
- ________ (understand) between cultures can cause conflicts.
🟢 Click to see answers
- development
- illegal
- creativity
- hopeless
- Misunderstanding
💡 Summary
Word formation helps you understand and use English more effectively. Prefixes change the meaning of words (e.g., un- = not, re- = again). Suffixes change the part of speech (e.g., -tion makes verbs into nouns, -ful makes nouns into adjectives). Compounding creates new words by joining two words together. Mastering these patterns will improve both your reading comprehension and your writing for the Bac exam.
📍 دروس مشابهة
- Present Perfect vs Simple Past: Comparative Grammar Guide — 3rd Year Secondary (Bac) English
- Conditional Sentences (If-clauses): Types 0, 1, 2, 3 — 3rd Year Secondary (Bac) English