Relative Clauses: شرح Defining and Non-Defining مع تمارين محلولة – الثانية ثانوي

Relative Clauses: شرح Defining and Non-Defining مع تمارين محلولة

Level: 2nd Year Secondary School – English

📌 Learning Objectives

• Identify defining and non-defining relative clauses
• Use relative pronouns correctly (who, which, that, whose, where)
• Apply commas correctly

1. Relative Pronouns

Pronoun	Used for	Example
Who	People (subject)	The man who is speaking is my teacher
Whom	People (object)	The person whom you met is my brother
Which	Things/animals	The book which I bought is interesting
That	People/things (defining only)	The car that she drives is red
Whose	Possession	The student whose father is a doctor
Where	Places	The school where I study is big

2. Defining Relative Clauses

Define the noun – essential information. No commas. “That” can replace “who/which”. Pronoun can be omitted if object.

Examples:

• “The woman who lives next door is a doctor.”
• “The book I bought is expensive.” (object pronoun omitted)

3. Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Add extra information – commas are used. “That” is NOT allowed. Pronoun CANNOT be omitted.

Examples:

• “My father, who is 60 years old, still works.”
• “Paris, which is the capital of France, is beautiful.”

4. Exercises (BAC-style)

Exercise 1: Join using a relative pronoun:

1. I met a woman. She works at the hospital.
2. This is the house. I was born here.

Answers:

1. I met a woman who/that works at the hospital.
2. This is the house where I was born.

Exercise 2: Add commas if needed:

1. The students who study hard will succeed.
2. My grandmother who is 85 still cooks.

Answers:

1. Defining – no commas.
2. Non-defining: “My grandmother, who is 85, still cooks.”

📝 Summary

Use defining clauses for essential info (no commas, “that” allowed). Use non-defining for extra info (commas, no “that”). Master this for the BAC exam!