اللغة الإنجليزية – Grammar: Relative Clauses (Who, Which, That, Whose) – 2 ثانوي – شعبة آداب – بكالوريا – المنهاج الجزائري

English Grammar: Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun without starting a new sentence. They are introduced by relative pronouns: who, which, that, whose, whom, where, when. Understanding relative clauses is essential for writing complex, sophisticated sentences.

Relative Pronouns

• Who: used for people. Example: “The student who won the prize is my friend.”
• Which: used for animals and things. Example: “The book which I bought is interesting.”
• That: used for people, animals, and things (in defining clauses). Example: “The car that is parked outside is mine.”
• Whose: shows possession. Example: “The man whose car was stolen called the police.”
• Whom: used for people as object (formal). Example: “The person whom you met is my teacher.”

Defining vs Non-Defining Relative Clauses

• Defining (Restrictive): Essential information. No commas. Example: “The students who study hard pass the exam.”
• Non-Defining (Non-Restrictive): Extra information. Uses commas. Example: “My father, who is a doctor, works in Algiers.”

Reduced Relative Clauses

In some cases, relative clauses can be shortened: “The man standing there is my brother” (instead of “who is standing”).

Exercises

1. Fill in with who, which, that, or whose:
   
   a. The girl ________ brother is a singer is my classmate.
   
   b. I read the book ________ you recommended.
2. Combine the sentences: “I have a friend. She lives in London.”
3. Add commas where needed: “My mother who is a teacher loves her job.”

Links

For more grammar, see How to Write an Essay and Vocabulary: Globalization and Cultural Identity.

📍 دروس مشابهة:

• اللغة الإنجليزية – Grammar: Future Tenses (Will vs Going to)
• اللغة الإنجليزية – Vocabulary : Education and School – 1 ثان
• اللغة الإنجليزية – Writing a Formal Letter – 2 ثانوي – شعبة