English — Grammar: Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses — 4th Year Middle School — Algerian Curriculum

Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses

Defining relative clauses

Give essential information about the noun. Without them, the sentence loses meaning.

No commas: “The man who lives next door is a doctor.” (Which man? The one who lives next door.)

Non-defining relative clauses

Give extra information that can be removed. Use commas.

“My father, who is 50 years old, works as an engineer.” (Extra info about my father.)

Relative pronouns

• who: people (subject) – The girl who called is my sister.
• whom: people (object, formal) – The man whom I met…
• which: things – The book which I read was good.
• that: people or things (defining only) – The car that I bought is red.
• whose: possession – The student whose pen I found is Ahmed.

Exercise

1. The woman ___ lives next door is a teacher.
2. My car, ___ is 10 years old, still runs well.
3. The boy ___ bike was stolen was crying.

relative pronouns and reported speech.

📍 دروس مشابهة:

• التربية الإسلامية — النظافة في الإسلام: أنواعها وأهميتها — السنة الأولى متوسط — المنهاج الجزائري
• 💧 الوضوء
• الجهاز التناسلي الأنثوي التركيب والوظيفة — علوم الطبيعة والحياة — السنة الرابعة متوسط — المنهاج الجزائري